Mediating effect of school climate between socioeconomic status and academic performance in Spanish students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56162/transdigital246Keywords:
Clima escolar, Desempeño académico, Estatus socioeconómico, PISA 2018Abstract
Previous research has shown that socioeconomic status is related to students' academic performance, and this trend is present among 15-year-old Spanish students, according to the PISA 2018 data. In this edition, Spain scored below the OECD average in mathematics and science, along with a decrease in the number of outstanding students in the program, which is concerning since a country's economic success is linked to the academic performance of its members. Previous studies have observed that the school climate is a factor that mitigates the negative impact that other factors often have on academic performance. Therefore, in this study, the factors of the school climate that are relevant in different groups of students were identified, according to their socioeconomic status. Using Structural Equation Models and the PISA 2018 database, it was observed that the school climate has a direct effect on academic performance, which can mediate the effect of socioeconomic status and becomes a determining factor in identifying whether a student will have outstanding performance within their study group. Furthermore, the results indicate that the factors that comprise the school climate affect students' academic performance differently depending on their socioeconomic status.
References
Daily, S. M., Mann, M. J., Lilly, C. L., Dyer, A. M., Smith, M. L., & Kristjansson, A. L. (2020). School Climate as an Intervention to Reduce Academic Failure and Educate the Whole Child: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of School Health, 90(3), 182–193. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12863
Dimitrova, R., Ferrer-Wreder, L., & Ahlen, J. (2018). School Climate, Academic Achievement and Educational Aspirations in Roma Minority and Bulgarian Majority Adolescents. Child and Youth Care Forum, 47(5), 645–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-018-9451-4
Echazarra, A., & Schwabe, M. (2019). Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Estudiantes (PISA) Resultados de PISA 2018.
Epskamp, S. (2022). semPlot: Path Diagrams and Visual Analysis of Various SEM Packages’ Output. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=semPlot
Hyseni Duraku, Z., & Hoxha, L. (2021). Effects of School Climate and Parent Support on Academic Performance: Implications for School Reform. International Journal of Educational Reform, 30(3), 222–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/10567879211015946
Jones, T. M., & Fleming, C. (2021). A multilevel model of the association between school climate and racial differences in academic outcomes. Psychology in the Schools, 58(5), 893–912. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22477
Kang, H., & Ahn, J. W. (2021). Model Setting and Interpretation of Results in Research Using Structural Equation Modeling: A Checklist with Guiding Questions for Reporting. En Asian Nursing Research (Vol. 15, Número 3, pp. 157–162). Korean Society of Nursing Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2021.06.001
Lozano Pérez, M. Á., & Trinidad Requena, A. (2020). The economic and cultural capitals of families as predictors of student performance in Spain and Morocco. Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos, 29, 130–151. https://doi.org/10.15366/REIM2020.29.010
Maxwell, S., Reynolds, K. J., Lee, E., Subasic, E., & Bromhead, D. (2017). The impact of school climate and school identification on academic achievement: Multilevel modeling with student and teacher data. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(DEC), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02069
Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional. (2019). Informe PISA 2018 Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de los Estudiantes Informe español (Versión preliminar).
Posit team. (2023). RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. http://www.posit.co/
R Core Team. (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Reynolds, K. J., Lee, E., Turner, I., Bromhead, D., & Subasic, E. (2017). How does school climate impact academic achievement? An examination of social identity processes. School Psychology International, 38(1), 78–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034316682295
Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
Saputra, W. N. E., Supriyanto, A., Astuti, B., Ayriza, Y., & Adiputra, S. (2020). The effect of student perception of negative school climate on poor academic performance of students in Indonesia. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(2), 279–291. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.2.17
Trinidad, J. (2020). Material resources, school climate, and achievement variations in the Philippines: Insights from PISA 2018. International Journal of Educational Development, 75(February), 102174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102174
Valle, J. E., Stelko-Pereira, A. C., Peixoto, E. M., & Williams, L. C. de A. (2018). Influence of bullying and teacher-student relationship on school engagement: Analysis of an explanatory model. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 35(4), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752018000400008
Warnes, G. R., Bolker, B., Bonebakker, L., Gentleman, R., Huber, W., Liaw, A., Lumley, T., Maechler, M., Magnusson, A., Moeller, S., Schwartz, M., & Venables, B. (2022). gplots: Various R Programming Tools for Plotting Data. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gplots
Wickham, H., François, R., Henry, L., Müller, K., & Vaughan, D. (2023). dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr
Wickham, H., Miller, E., & Smith, D. (2023). haven: Import and Export “SPSS”, “Stata” and “SAS” Files. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=haven
Xuan, X., Xue, Y., Zhang, C., Luo, Y., Jiang, W., Qi, M., & Wang, Y. (2019). Relationship among school socioeconomic status, teacher-student relationship, and middle school students’ academic achievement in China: Using the multilevel mediation model. PLoS ONE, 14(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213783
![](http://revista-transdigital.org/public/journals/1/submission_246_252_coverImage_en_US.png)
Downloads
Autor de correspondencia
El autor de correspodencia se identifica con el siguiente símbolo: *Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jonathan Vite-Castro, Eric Leonardo Huerta-Manzanilla
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles in Transdigital are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Authors hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restrictions.